经贸常用词缩写/缩略语
A
A.A.R = against all risks 担保全险,一切险
A.B.No. = Accepted Bill Number 进口到单编号
A/C = Account 账号
AC. = Acceptance 承兑
acc = acceptance,accepted 承兑,承诺
a/c.A/C = account 帐,帐户
ackmt = acknowledgement 承认,收条
a/d = after date 出票后限期付款(票据)
ad.advt. = advertisement 广告
adv. = advice 通知(书)
ad val. = Ad valorem(according to value) 从价税
A.F.B. = Air Freight Bill 航空提单
Agt. = Agent 代理商
AI = first class 一级
AM = Amendment 修改书
A.M.T. = Air Mail Transfer 信汇
Amt. = Amount 额,金额
A.N. = arrival notice 到货通知
A.P. = account payable 应付账款
A/P = Authority to Purchase 委托购买
a.p. = additional premiun 附加保险费
A.R. = Account Receivable 应收款
Art. = Article 条款,项
A/S = account sales 销货清单
a/s = after sight 见票后限期付款
asstd. = Assorted 各色俱备的
att,.attn. = attention 注意
av.,a/v = average 平均,海损
a/v = a vista (at sight) 见票即付
B
B/-,b/- = bale,bag 包,装
bal.,balce. = balance 余额
bbl. = barrel 桶,樽
B/C = bill for collection 托收票据
B.D. = Bills discounted 贴现票据
B/D = bank draft 银行汇票
b/d = brought down 承前页
B’dle,bdl = bundle 束,把
B/E = bill of exchange 汇票
B/F = brought forward 承前页
bg = bag 袋
BIS = Bank for International Settlement 国际清算银行
BK = Bank 银行
Bkg. = Banking 银行业务
B/L = Bill of Lading 提单
B/N = bank note 银行纸币
B.O. = Branch Office 分支行
b/o = brought over 承前
bot. = bottle 瓶
B/P = bill purchased 买入票据,出口押汇
B/P = bills payable 应付票据
B/R = bills receivable 应收票据
Brl.,barl. = barrel 桶,樽
bx = box 箱,盒
C
C/- = case,currency,coupon 箱,通货,息票
c. =cent,centimes,centigrade 分(美),分(法),百分度(寒暑表)
C.A. = Credit Advice 收款报单
C.A.D. = cash against documents on arrival of good货到后凭单付款
c.a.d. = cash against documents 凭单证付现金
c.a.f.= cost and freight 成本加运费
cat. = catalogue 货品目录
C.B. = clean bill 光票
C/B = Clean Bill 光票
C.B.D. = Cash before delivery 付现金后交货
c.c. = carbon copy,cubic centimeter 副本,立方公分
C/C,C.C = Chamber of Commerce 商会
pC/D = cash against document 凭单据付款
C.D. = Collection and Delivery 托交
Cert.= Certificate 证明书
c/f = carried forward 过次页
C&F = cost and freight 运费在内价
C.F.S. = container freight station 集装箱集散场
c.f.& i. = Cost freight and insurance 运费保险费在内价
C.H. = Clearing House 票据交换所
C.I. = Certificate of Insurance 保险单
C&I = Cost and Insurance 货价及保险
c.i.a. = cash in advance 预付现金
cif,c.i.f. = cost,insurance and freight 运费保险费在内价
c.i.f.&c.= cost,insurance,freight and commission 运费,保险费,利息在内价
C.I.F.E. = Cost,Insurance,Freight and Exchange 运费,保险费,汇票在内价
C.I.F.I. = Cost,Insurance,Freight and Interest 运费,保险费,利息在内价
C.I.F.C.I.= Cost,Insurance,Freight,Commission and Interest 运费,保险费,佣金,利息在内价
CK = Check 支票
CL = collection 托收
CM = Commission 佣金
C/N.C.N. = credit note,covering note,consignment note 货方通知,保险承保单,发货通知书
C.O. = certificate of origin 产地证明书
c/o = care of carried over 烦转,过次页
Co. = company 公司
c.o.d.= cash on delivery 货到付款
Con.Inv. = Concular Invoice 领事发票
corp. = corporation 法人,公司
C/P = charter party 租船契约
cr. = credit 货方,债权人
cs = case 箱
csk.,ck = cask 樽
C.W.O.= cash with order 现金订货,下定付款
cwt. = hundred weight 衡量名
C.Y. = container yard 集装箱集散场
D
D/A =documents against acceptance, 承兑后交付单
= documents for acceptance,
= documents attached, 备承兑单据
= deposit account 存款账号
d/a = days after acceptance 承兑后……日付款
D.A. = Debit advice 付款报单
D/D,D. = Demand draft,documentary draft 即期汇票,跟单汇票
d/d = day’s date (days after date) 出票后……日付款
d.f.,d.fet. = dead freight 空载运费(船)
Disc. = Discount 贴现;折扣
DLT = Day Letter Telegram 书信电
D/N = debit note 借方通知
D/O = delivery order 卸货通知书
D/P = documents against payment 付款后交付单据
Dr. = debit debter 借方,债务人
d/s. = days’ sight 见票后……日付款
DV = Dividends 股利
E
ea. = each 每,各
e.e.E.E. = error excepted 错误除外
E/B = Export-Import Bank 进出口银行(美国)
enc.,encl.= enclosure 附件
E.& O.E. = errors and omissions excepted 错误或遗漏不在此限
ETA = estimated time of arrival 预定到达日期
ex. = example,executive,exchange,extract 例子,执行官,外汇交换,摘要
Exp. = Export 出口
F
f.a.q.=fair average quality 良好平均品质
f.a.s.=free alongside ship 船边交货价
F.B.E.=foreign bill of exchange 国外汇票
f.c.l.=full container load 整个集装箱装满
f.d.free discharge 卸货船方不负责
F.& D.=Freight and Demurrage 运费及延装费
f.i.=free in 装货船方步负责
f.i.o.=free in and out 装卸货船方均不负责
f.i.o.=free in out stowed and trimming 装卸堆储平仓船方均不负责
f.o.=free out 卸货船方不负责
f.o.,f/o=firm offer 规定时限的报价
f.o.b.=free on board 船上交货价
f.o.c.=free of charge免费
F.O.I.=free of Interest 免息
f.o.r.=free on rail,free on road 火车上交货价
f.o.s.=free on steamer 轮船上交货价
f.o.t.=free on truck 卡车上交货价
f.p.a.=free of particular average 单独海损不保
fr.f=franc,from,free 法郎,从,自由
FX=Foreign Exchange 外汇
G
g=good,goods,gramme 佳,货物,一克
G/A=general average 共同海损
GATT=General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关税贸易总协定
gm.=gramme 一克
g.m.b.=good merchantable brand品质良好适合买卖之货品
g.m.q.=good merchantable quality良好可售品质
G/N=Guarantee of Notes 承诺保证
g.s.w.=gross shipping weight 运输总重量
gr.wt.=gross weight 毛重
H
h.=hour,harbour,height 时,港,高度
H.O.=Head Office 总公司
h.p.=horse power 马力
hr.=hour 时
I
IATA=International Air Transport Association 国际航空运输协会
IBRD=International Bank Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴开发银行
I/C=Inward Collection 进口托收
ICC=International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会
IMO=International Money Orders 国际汇票
Imp=Import 进口
IN=Interest 利息
IMF=International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金
inst.=instant(this month) 本月
int.=interest 利息
Inv.=Invoice 发票
IOU=I owe you 借据
I/P=Insurance Policy 保险单
I/R=Inward Remittance 汇入汇款
ISIC=International Standard Industrial Classification 国际行业标准分类
it.=item 项目
K
k.=karat(carat) 卡拉(纯金含有度)
kg.=keg,kilogramme笑,公斤
K.W.=Kilo Watt 千瓦
L
L/A=Letter of Authorization 授权书
lbs.=pounds 磅
L/C=Letter of Credit 信用证
L/H=General Letter of Hypothecation 质押权利总股定书
L/I=Letter of Indemnity赔偿保证书
L/G=Letter of Guarantee 保证函
l.t.=long ton 长吨(2,240磅)
L/T=Letter Telegram 书信电报
Ltd.=Limited 有限责任
L/U=Letter of Undertaking 承诺书
M
m.=mile,metre,mark,month,minute,meridian(noon)哩,公尺,记号,月,分,中午
m/d=month after date 出票后……月付款
memo.=memorandum 备忘录
M.I.P.=marine insurance policy 海上保险单
misc.=miscellaneous杂项
M/L=more or less增或减
M/N=Minimum最低额
MO=Money Order拨款单,汇款单,汇票
m/s=months after sight见票后……月付款
m.s.=mail steamer,mail transfer油船,轮船
M.T.=metric ton,mail transfer公吨,信汇
M/T=Mail Transfer信汇
m.v.=motor vessel轮船
MNC=multi-national corporation跨国公司
N
N.B.=Nota Bene(take notice)注意
NO.=number号码
n/p=non-payment拒付
Nt.Wt=Net Weight净重
O
O.=Order定单,定货
O.B/L=Order bill of lading指示式提单
O.C.P.=Overland Common Point通常陆上运输可到达地点
O/C=Outward Collection出口托收
OD.=Overdraft透支
O/d=overdraft,on demand透支,要求即付款(票据)
O/No.=order number定单编号
o.p.=open policy预约保单
O/R=Outward Remittance汇出汇款
ORT=ordinary telegram寻常电报
o/s=on sale,out of stock廉售,无存货
O/S=old style老式
o.t.=old term旧条件
oz=ounce盎斯
P
P/A,p/a=particular average单独海损
pa=power of attorney委任状
=private account私人账户
p.a.=per annum(by the year)每年
p.c.=per cent,petty cash百分比,零用金
p.l.=partial loss分损
P.&I.=Protection and Indemnity意外险
P.&L.=profit and loss益损
P.M.O.=postal money order邮政汇票
P/N=promissory note本票
P.O.B.=postal office box邮政信箱
p.o.d.=payment on delivery交货时付款
P.O.D.=Pay on Delivery发货付款
P/O=Payment Order支付命令
P/R=parcel receipt邮包收据
prox.=proximo(next month)下月
PS.=postscript再启
pt.=pint品脱
P.T.O.=please turn over请看里面
PTL=private tieline service电报专线业务
Q
qlty=quality品质
qr=quarter四分之一
qty=quantity数量
quotn=quotation报价单
qy=quay码头
R
recd=received收讫
recpt=receipt收据
ref.=reference参考,关于
RFWD=rain,fresh water damage雨水及淡水险
remit.=remittance汇款
r.m.=ready money,readymade备用金,现成的
RM=Remittance汇款
R.O.=remittance Order汇款委托书
R.P.=reply paid,returnof post邮下或电费预付,请即会示
rt.=rate率
S
S.A.=-Statement of Account账单
s.a.=subject to approval以承认(赞成,批准)为条件
S/C=sale contract售货合同
S/D=sight draft即期汇票
S/D=sea damage海水损害
SD.=Sundries杂项
SE.=Securities抵押品
S/N=shipping note装运通知
S.O.s.o.=shipping order,seller’s option装船通知书,卖方有权选择
S/S,s/s,ss,s.s=steamship轮船
s.t.=short ton短吨
T
T/A=telegraphic address电报挂号
tgm=telegram电报
T.L.O.=total loss only只担保全损(分损不赔)
T.M.O.=telegraphic money order电报汇款
T.R.=trust receipt信托收据
T.T.=telegraphic transfer电汇
TPND=theft,pilferage and nondelivery盗窃遗失条款
U
ult.=ultimo(last month)上月
u/w=underwriter保险业者
V
voy.=voyage航次
V.V.=Vice Versa反之亦然
W
w.a.=with average水渍险(单独海损赔偿)
war=with risk担保一切险
W/B=way bill warehouse book货运单,仓库簿
wgt=weight重量
whf=wharf码头
W/M=weight or measurement重量或容量
w.p.a.=with particular average单独海损赔偿
W.R.=War Risk战争险
W.R.=warehouse receipt仓单
wt=weight重量
X
x.d.=ex dividend除息
XX=good quality良好品质
XXX=very good quality甚佳品质
XXXX=best quality最佳品质
Y
yd.=yard码
yr.=your,year你的,年
Z
Z=Zone地区,地带
ZCL=Zone di Commercia自由贸易区
企业名称
外贸、贸易、投资、信托、保险、租赁、证券、工艺品进出口公司
Native Produce Animal By-products Import and Export Corporation 土产畜产进出口公司
Chemicals Import and Export Corporation 化工进出口公司
Metals Minerals Import and Export Corporation 五金矿产进出口公司
Electronics Import and Export Corporation 电子技术进出口公司
Electric Wire Cable Export Corporation 电线电缆出口联营公司
Publishing Industry Trading Corporation 出版对外贸易公司
Packaging Import and Export Corporation 包装进出口公司
Instruments Import and Export Corporation 仪器进出口公司
Historical Relics Exhibition Corporation for Foreign Countries 对外文物展览公司
Performing Arts Agency 对外演出公司
Overseas Building Materials and Equipment Corporation 对外建筑材料设备公司
Foreign Trade Storage Corporation 对外贸易仓储公司
foreign Trade Transportation Corporation 对外贸易运输公司
Foreign Trade Consultation Technical Service Corporation 对外贸易咨询与技术服务公司
Exhibition Agency for Foreign Countries 对外展览公司
Export Commodities Fair 出口商品交易会
Machinery Equipment Import and Export Corporation 机械设备进出口公司
Complete Plant import and Export Corporation 成套设备进出口公司
Communications Import and Export Service Corporation 交通进出口服务公司
Machine-building International Corporation 机械对外经济技术合作公司
Machinery Import and Export Corporation 机械进出口公司
Corporation for International Cooperation in Agriculture, Livestock and Fishery 农牧渔业国际合作公司
Import and Export Service Company for Farms and Land Reclamation 农垦进出口服务公司
Import and Export Commodities Inspection Corporation 进出口商品检验公司
Technical Import and Export Corporation 技术进出口公司
Textiles Import and Export Corporation 纺织品进出口公司
Import Corporation of Textile Machinery 纺织机械进出口公司
Import Corporation of Technology of Textile Machinery 纺织机械技术进出口公司
Metallurgical Import and Export Corporation 冶金进出口公司
Forestry Import and Export Company 林业进出口公司
Forestry Machinery Import and Export Company 林业机械进出口公司
International Packaging Leasing Corporation Ltd. 国际包装租赁有限公司
International Non-ferrous Metals Leasing Corporation Ltd. 国际有色金属租赁有限公司
International Book Trading Corporation 国际图书贸易有限公司
International Economic Consultants Incorporation 国际经济咨询公司
International Marine Containers Ltd. 国际海运集装股份有限公司
Light Industrial Products Import and Export Corporation 轻工业品进出口公司
Publication Import and Export Corporation 图书进出口公司
Tea and Native Produce Import and Export Corporation 茶叶土产进出口公司
Animal Breeding Stock Import and Export Corporation 种畜进出口公司
Bearing Joint Export Corporation 轴承出口联营公司
Aero-technology Import and Export Corporation 航空技术进出口公司
Tobacco Import and Export Corporation 烟草进出口公司
Leasing Company Ltd. 租赁有限公司
Railway Foreign Service Corporation 铁路对外服务公司
Cereals, Oil and Foodstuffs Import and Export Corporation 粮油食品进出口公司
Coal Import and Export Corporation 煤炭进出口公司
Microforms Import and Export Corporation 缩型出版物进出口公司
Precision Machinery Import and Export corporation 精密机械进出口公司
Abrasives Export Corporation 磨料磨具进出口公司
Scientific Instrument import and Export Corporation 科学仪器进出口公司
foreign Trade Corporation 对外贸易公司
Aquatic Products Import and Export Corporation 水产进出口公司
Ceramics Import and Export Corporation 陶瓷进出口公司
International Cooperation Corporation of Economics and Technology 国际经济技术进出口公司
Trading Company 贸易公司
comprehensive Trading Company 综合贸易公司
Trade Development Company 贸易发展公司
Overseas Economic Trading Company 海外经济贸易公司
Investment Company 投资公司
Trust Company 信托公司
International Trust and Investment Company 国际信托投资公司
Loan Investment Company 信贷投资公司
Overseas Chinese Investment Company 华侨投资公司
Peoples Insurance Agency 人民保险公司
Labor Insurance Agency 劳动保险公司
Life Insurance Agency 人寿保险公司
Pacific Insurance Agency 太平洋保险公司
Securities Agency 证券公司
Stock Exchange 股票交易所
Futures Exchange 期货交易所
Commodities Futures Exchange 商品期货交易所
Futures Brokerage Company Ltd. 期货经纪有限公司
Cereals and Oil Futures Exchange 粮油期货交易所
邮电、水电、交通、运输、计算机、电器、器材
Posts and Telecommunications Apparatus Company 邮电器材公司
Posts and Telecommunications Engineering Company 邮电工程公司
Running-water Company 自来水公司
Water and Electricity Construction Company 水电建设公司
Power Industry Company 电力工业公司
Electrical Installing Company 电力安装公司
Air Line 航空公司
Shipping Company 船舶公司
Ocean Transportation Company 远洋运输公司
Salvage Company 打捞公司
Ocean Shipping Agency 外轮代理公司
Ocean Shipping Tally Company 外轮理货公司
Ship-building Company 造船公司
Automobile Transportation Company 汽车运输公司
Container Transportation Company 集装箱运输公司
Storage and Transportation Company 储运公司
Taxi Company 出租汽车公司
Automobile Service Company 汽车修理公司
Ocean Shipping Supply Company 外轮供应公司
Fishing-boat Industry Company 渔船工业公司
Automobile Parts Company 汽车配件公司
Automation Engineering Company 自动化工程公司
Microcomputer Company 微电脑公司
Computer Company 计算机公司
Computer Software Development Company 计算机软件开发公司
Hardware Company 五金公司
Household Electric Appliance Company 家用电器公司
Refrigerator Industry Company 电冰箱工业公司
Radio Apparatus Company 无线电器材公司
Performing Instrument Company 演出器材公司
Printing Apparatus Company 印刷器材公司
Teaching Instrument Company 教学仪器公司
冶金、矿产、煤炭、燃料、化工、盐业、轻工
Metallurgical Industry Company 冶金工业公司
Non-ferrous Metals Industry Company 有色金属工业公司
Minerals Industry Company 矿产工业公司
Coal Mining Industry Company 煤矿工业公司
Coal Industry Company 煤炭工业公司
Gas Company 煤气公司
Fuel Company 燃料公司
Industrial Fuel Company 工业燃料公司
Petroleum Company 石油公司
Petroleum Processing Company 石油炼制公司
Oil Gas Exploration and Development Company 石油天然气勘探开发公司
Petroleum Engineering Construction Company 石油工程建设公司
Chemical Industry Company 化工工业公司
Raw Materials Company of Chemical Industry 化工原料公司
Construction Company of Chemical Industry 化工建设公司
Salt Company 盐业公司
Light Industry Company 轻工业公司
Supply and Sales Company of Light Industry 轻工供销公司
Plastics Industry Company 塑料工业公司
Leather Industry Company 皮革工业公司
Bicycle Industry Company 自行车工业公司
Clothing Industry Company 服装工业公司
文艺、影视、展览、广告、美术、装潢
Literature and Art Development Company 文艺发展公司
Cultural Expansion Company 文化开拓公司
Cultural Service Firm 文化服务公司
Performing Company 演出公司
Film Company 电影公司
Film Service Firm 电影服务公司
Broadcasting and Television Industry Company 广播电视工业公司
Acoustics Engineering Company 音响工程公司
Record Company 唱片公司
Photography Industry Company 照相工业公司
Exhibition Agency 展览公司
Advertising Agency 广告公司
Arts and Crafts Industry Company 工艺美术工业公司
Art Design Firm 美术设计公司
Art Decoration Firm 美术装潢公司
Packaging Decoration Firm 包装装潢公司
建筑、建材、房产、安装、装修、商业、日用品
Building Engineering Company 建筑工程公司
Building Foundation Company 建筑基础公司
Civil Engineering Company 土木工程公司
Garden Construction Engineering Company 园林建筑工程公司
Building Material Company 建筑材料公司
Building Material Supply Company 建筑材料供应公司
Building Material Trading Company 建材贸易公司
Building Material Service Company 建筑材料服务公司
New Building Material Company 新型建筑材料公司
Real Estate Development Company 房地产开发公司
Real Estate Agency 房产代理公司
Industrial Equipment Installing Company 工业设备安装公司
Installing Company of Chemical Industry 化工安装公司
Electrical Installing Company 机电安装公司
Building Decoration Company 建筑装修(装饰)公司
Building Decoration Engineering Company 建筑装修(装饰)工程公司
Commercial Company 商业公司
Collective Commercial Company 集体商业公司
Overseas Chinese Commodities Supply Company 华侨商品供应公司
部门与职位的英文表达
部门名称
1.Personnel Department 人事部
2.Human Resource Department 人力资源部
3.Sales Department 营销部
4.Product Development Department 产品开发部
5. Public Relations Department 公关部
6.Marketing Department 市场部
7.Finance Department 财会部
8.Purchasing(Procurement) Department采购部
9.After-sale Service Department 售后服务部
10.Quality Control Department 品管部
职位名称
1. Chairman of the Board 董事长
2. President (Am E.) 总裁
3. Executive Vice-President 执行副总裁
4. Managing Director 行政董事
5. Executive Manager,General Manager 总经理
6. Deputy General Manager 副总经理
7. Section Manager 部门经理,科长
8. Sales Manager 销售部经理
9. Assistant Manager 助理经理 (副经理)
10. Manager 主任
11. Sales Representative 销售代表
12. Supervisor 总管
13. executive 高中级管理人员
14. clerk 职员
商务词汇
TPRM (Trade Policy Review Mechanism)贸易审议机制
TRIPS (Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights) 与贸易有关的知识产权
TRIMS (Trade-Related Investment Measures)与贸易有关的投资措施
TBT (Technical Barriers to Trade)技术性贸易壁垒
HS (Harmonized Commodity and Coding System)商品名称及编码协调制度
DSB (Dispute Settlement Body)争端解决机制
Mediation of Dispute 商业纠纷调解
Non-discrimination 非歧视
Antidumping Duty 反倾销税
Countervailing Duty 反补贴税
GSP (Generalized System of Preference)普惠制
TEU (Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit)标准集装箱
MFN (Most Favored Nations) 最惠国
Tax Rebate 出口退税
Image Project 形象工程
MPC (Marginal Propensity to Consume)边际消费倾向
Business Cycle 商业周期
Initial Public Offering (IPO)首次公开发行
Capital Spending Binge 资本投资狂潮
Venture Capital 风险资本
Single Market 单一市场
Clearing and Settlement Systems 清算及结算系统
Top Priority 当务之急
Blue Chip Index 蓝筹股指数
Consumer Confidence 消费者信心
Social Security 社会保障
Liquid Investment 短期投资
Economic Stimulus 经济刺激
Production Capacity 生产能力
Real Wages 实际收入
Boom-and-Bust Cycle 经济繁荣与萧条交替循环
Tax Exemption 免税
Trade Liberalization 贸易自由化
Flow of Goods and Capital 贸易及资本流动
Import Substitution 进口替代
Trade Sanction 贸易制裁
Trade Reciprocity 贸易互惠
Multilateral Environmental Agreement 多边环境协议
Harmonization of Standards 标准统一
Investment Regime 投资管理体制
Action Plan 行动计划
Financial and Budgetary Provisions 财政及预算拨款
Efficient Allocation of Resources 资源有效配置
Financial Instrument 金融工具
Spin-off 脱离母公司的公司
Start-up 新成立的企业
Industry Consolidation 产业联合
Management Buyout 买断产权或管理权
Return on Investment 投资回报
Labor-intensive 劳动力密集型
Emerging Markets 新兴市场
Chain of Command 控制链
Quality Initiative 质量改进努力
Publicly Traded Companies 公开上市交易的公司
Tax Refund 出口退税
GDP Deflator GDP 紧缩指数
GDP Gap GDP 缺口
Recession 衰退
Depression 萧条
Inertial Growth Rate 惯性增长率
Aggregate Supply/Demand 总供给 / 需求
Equilibrium of AD and AS 总供给和总需求的均衡
Stagflation 滞胀
Fixed Money-Supply Effect 固定货币供给效应
Open-Market Operations 公开市场业务
Unemployment Benefits 失业救济
Concessionary Finance 优惠性融资
Production Gain 生产收益
MES (Minimum Efficient Scale)达到最有效的基本生产规模
Intra-Industry Specialization 行业内的专业化分工
Ad Valorem Tariff 从价税
Specific Duty 从量税
Voluntary Export Restraints (VERs)自动出口限制
Balance of Payment Disequilibrium 国际收支不平衡
Global Economic Welfare 全球经济福利
Signatory 签约方
Contracting Party 缔约方
Consumer Goods 消费品
Industrial Goods 工业产品
Transaction Marketing 交易营销
Relationship Marketing 关系营销
Market Segmentation 市场细分
Standardized Marketing 无差异性营销
Differentiated Marketing 差异性营销
Concentrated Marketing 集中性营销
Market Positioning 市场定位
Royalty Fee 许可费
Markup Pricing 加成定价
Perceived Value Pricing 价值定价法
Transfer Pricing 转移定价
EDI(Electronic Data Interexchange)电子数据交换
Import Surtax 进口附加税
Variable Levy 差额税
Sliding Duty 滑动关税
Threshold Price 门槛价格
Preferential Duties 特惠税
Escape Clause 免责条款
Prior Limitation 预定限额
Specific Duty 从量税
Ad Valorem Duty 从价税
Compound Duty 混合税
Price discretion 价格自主权
Sunk cost 旁置成本,滞留成本,沉没成本
Marginal cost 边际成本
Offset 抵消,补偿
Functional migration 职能转移
Procurement 物资采购
A local firm that is vertically integrated 纵向一体化公司
Equity capital 股本资本
Ordinary shares 普通股
Voluntary export restraints 自愿出口限制
Overarching strategy 支配性战略
Intra-company trade 公司内部贸易
Psychic distance 心理距离
Lines of business 业务领域
Overprice 将……标价过高
Differentiation strategy 差别化战略
Zaibatsu 财阀
LME-COMEX: International Metal Exchanges 国际金属交易所
VAT reimbursement schema 增值税先征后返
Market distortion 市场扭曲
World Bureau of Metal Statistics 国际金属统计局